AHR

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor UniProt accession P35869

Ligand-activated transcription factor that enables cells to adapt to changing conditions by sensing compounds from the environment, diet, microbiome and cellular metabolism, and which plays important roles in development, immunity and cancer (PubMed:23275542, PubMed:30373764, PubMed:32818467, PubMed:7961644). Upon ligand binding, translocates into the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with ARNT and induces transcription by binding to xenobiotic response elements (XRE) (PubMed:23275542, PubMed:30373764, PubMed:7961644). Regulates a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, drug and lipid metabolism, cell motility and immune modulation (PubMed:12213388).

Xenobiotics can act as ligands: upon xenobiotic-binding, activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene) (PubMed:7961644, PubMed:33193710). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PubMed:34521881, PubMed:7961644). Next to xenobiotics, natural ligands derived from plants, microbiota, and endogenous metabolism are potent AHR agonists (PubMed:18076143).

Tryptophan (Trp) derivatives constitute an important class of endogenous AHR ligands (PubMed:32818467, PubMed:32866000). Acts as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity: indoles and kynurenic acid generated by Trp catabolism act as ligand and activate AHR, thereby promoting AHR-driven cancer cell motility and suppressing adaptive immunity (PubMed:32818467). Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1 (PubMed:28602820).

Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1 (PubMed:28602820). The heterodimer ARNT:AHR binds to core DNA sequence 5'-TGCGTG-3' within the dioxin response element (DRE) of target gene promoters and activates their transcription (PubMed:28602820)

Source: UniProt

Homodimer (By similarity). Heterodimer; efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein (PubMed:10395741, PubMed:28602820). Interacts with ARNT; the heterodimer ARNT:AHR binds to core DNA sequence 5'-TGCGTG-3' within the dioxin response element (DRE) of target gene promoters and activates their transcription (PubMed:28602820, PubMed:34521881).

Binds MYBBP1A (By similarity). Interacts with coactivators including SRC-1, RIP140 and NOCA7, and with the corepressor SMRT (PubMed:10395741). Interacts with NEDD8 and IVNS1ABP (PubMed:12215427, PubMed:16582008).

Interacts with BMAL1 (By similarity). Interacts with HSP90AB1 (By similarity). Interacts with TIPARP; leading to mono-ADP-ribosylation of AHR and subsequent inhibition of AHR (PubMed:23275542, PubMed:30373764)

Source: UniProt
Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Source: UniProt

Expressed in all tissues tested including blood, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Expressed in retinal photoreceptors (PubMed:29726989)

Source: UniProt

The PAS 1 domain is essential for dimerization and also required for AHR:ARNT heterodimerization

Source: UniProt
  • Retinitis pigmentosa 85 (RP85)

    A form of retinitis pigmentosa, a retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field.

    As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well. RP85 is an autosomal recessive form manifesting as early-onset progressive difficulty to adapt in dim light and gradually decreasing visual acuity in both eyes.

  • Foveal hypoplasia 3 (FVH3)

    An autosomal recessive form of foveal hypoplasia, a developmental defect of the eye defined as the lack of foveal depression with continuity of all neurosensory retinal layers in the presumed foveal area. Clinical features include absence of foveal pit on optical coherence tomography, absence of foveal hyperpigmentation, absence of foveal avascularity, absence of foveal and macular reflexes, decreased visual acuity, and nystagmus.

Source: UniProt
  • PPARA activates gene expression
  • Phase I - Functionalization of compounds
  • Endogenous sterols
  • Xenobiotics
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling
Source: Reactome via UniProt

Mutations

No mutation information available.

Synthetic Lethal Network

Genes with an experimentally identified or computationally predicted synthetic-lethal relationship to AHR, aggregated across our SSL data sources. Click any partner node to view that gene’s page.

Nodes and edges are coloured by the SSL data source. Partners appearing in more than one source are shown in grey.

BioGRID SLOrth SynLethDB MexDrugs Multi-source
Sources: BioGRID, SLOrth, SynLethDB, MexDrugs

Clinical Trials

Total Trials Found: 19

NCT ID Condition Brief Title Phase Status
NCT01399593 Antibody Mediated Rejection Safety & Efficacy of Eculizumab to Prevent AMR in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients Requiring Desensitization PHASE2 TERMINATED
NCT04200963 Urothelial Carcinoma, Urothelial Carcinoma Bladder, Bladder Cancer, Bladder Disease, Solid Tumor, Solid Carcinoma, Solid Tumor, Adult, Metastatic Cancer, Advanced Solid Tumor, Advanced Cancer, Metastatic Bladder Cancer, Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma, Locally Advanced Solid Tumor, Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Malignant, Neoplasm, Bladder, Urothelial Neoplasm, Neoplasm, Urinary Bladder, Bladder Neoplasm, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma A Phase 1a/b Study of IK-175 as a Single Agent and in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors and Urothelial Carcinoma PHASE1 COMPLETED
NCT05472506 Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Head and Neck Cancer, Head Cancer, Neck Cancer, Head Cancer Neck, Neck Carcinoma Oral AHR Antagonist in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With PD-1 Resistant Metastatic or Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer PHASE1 WITHDRAWN
NCT01902420 Acromegaly Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP) Gene Mutations in Acromegaly N/A UNKNOWN
NCT04053387 Plaque Psoriasis Long Term Extension Study of Tapinarof for Plaque Psoriasis in Adults (3003) PHASE3 COMPLETED
NCT01549483 Asthma, Airway Hyperresponsiveness Small Airways Disease in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Subjects With Airway Hyperresponsiveness (AHR) N/A COMPLETED
NCT06213688 Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis Involvement of Pollutants in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis NA UNKNOWN
NCT05753254 Reactive Hyperemia, Micro RNA, Heart Rate Variability, DNA Strand Breaks, Oxidative Stress, Heat Stress Effect on Markers of Cardiovascular, Reproductive and Cancer Risk From Firefighting Training NA COMPLETED
NCT00291382 Asthma Airway Hyper-responsiveness Study In Asthma Using Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate Combination Product PHASE4 COMPLETED
NCT01106027 Kidney Transplant Dosing Regimen of Eculizumab Added to Conventional Treatment in Positive Crossmatch Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant PHASE1, PHASE2 TERMINATED