Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines in response to IL34 and CSF1, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone and tooth development.

Required for normal male and female fertility, and for normal development of milk ducts and acinar structures in the mammary gland during pregnancy. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration, and promotes cancer cell invasion. Activates several signaling pathways in response to ligand binding, including the ERK1/2 and the JNK pathway (PubMed:20504948, PubMed:30982609).

Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG2, GRB2, SLA2 and CBL. Activation of PLCG2 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, that then lead to the activation of protein kinase C family members, especially PRKCD. Phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leads to activation of the AKT1 signaling pathway.

Activated CSF1R also mediates activation of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, and of the SRC family kinases SRC, FYN and YES1. Activated CSF1R transmits signals both via proteins that directly interact with phosphorylated tyrosine residues in its intracellular domain, or via adapter proteins, such as GRB2. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT3, STAT5A and/or STAT5B.

Promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC1 and INPP5D/SHIP-1. Receptor signaling is down-regulated by protein phosphatases, such as INPP5D/SHIP-1, that dephosphorylate the receptor and its downstream effectors, and by rapid internalization of the activated receptor. In the central nervous system, may play a role in the development of microglia macrophages (PubMed:30982608)

Interacts with INPPL1/SHIP2 and THOC5 (By similarity). Monomer. Homodimer.

Interacts with CSF1 and IL34. Interaction with dimeric CSF1 or IL34 leads to receptor homodimerization. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with PLCG2 (via SH2 domain).

Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with PIK3R1 (via SH2 domain). Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with FYN, YES1 and SRC (via SH2 domain). Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with CBL, GRB2 and SLA2

Expressed in bone marrow and in differentiated blood mononuclear cells

The juxtamembrane domain functions as autoinhibitory region. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in this region leads to a conformation change and activation of the kinase

The activation loop plays an important role in the regulation of kinase activity. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in this region leads to a conformation change and activation of the kinase

• Unknown disease
• Unknown disease
• Leukoencephalopathy, hereditary diffuse, with spheroids 1 (HDLS1)

  An autosomal dominant adult-onset rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by variable behavioral, cognitive, and motor changes. Patients often die of dementia within 6 years of onset. Brain imaging shows patchy abnormalities in the cerebral white matter, predominantly affecting the frontal and parietal lobes.

• Brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis (BANDDOS)

  An autosomal recessive disease with variable manifestations. Main features are brain malformations with calcifying leukoencephalopathy, progressive neurodegeneration, and bone sclerotic features. The age at onset ranges from infancy to early adulthood.

  Neurologic features include loss of previous motor and language skills, cognitive impairment, spasticity, and focal seizures. Brain imaging shows periventricular white matter abnormalities and calcifications, large cisterna magna or Dandy-Walker malformation, and sometimes agenesis of the corpus callosum.