Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Activates coagulation factor XI (F11); activation is promoted by the contact with negatively charged surfaces (PubMed:2019570, PubMed:21976677).

Triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1/CCL2 and IL8/CXCL8, in endothelial cells (PubMed:30568593, PubMed:9780208)

Heterodimer (named alpha-thrombin) of a light and a heavy chain; disulfide-linked. Forms a heterodimer with SERPINA5. In plasma, interacts (via N-terminus) with alpha-1-microglobulin with molar ratio 1:2 and 1:1; this interaction does not prevent the activation of prothrombin to thrombin.

Interacts (thrombin) with iripin-8, a serine protease inhibitor from Ixodes ricinus saliva (PubMed:34502392). Interacts (thrombin) with iripin-3, a serine protease inhibitor from Ixodes ricinus saliva (PubMed:33732248). Interacts (thrombin) with Anopheles albimanus salivary thrombin inhibitor anophelin; the interaction results in thrombin inhibition (PubMed:23223529).

Interacts (thrombin) with Anopheles gambiae salivary thrombin inhibitor anophelin; the interaction results in thrombin inhibition (PubMed:28592490). Interacts (thrombin) with Amblyomma variegatum variegin; the interaction results in thrombin inhibition (PubMed:22053189). Interacts (thrombin) with Xenopsylla cheopis salivary thrombin inhibitor XC-42 (PubMed:34688666).

Interacts (thrombin) with Xenopsylla cheopis salivary thrombin inhibitor XC-43 (PubMed:34688666)

Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma

• Factor II deficiency (FA2D)

  A very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.

• Ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR)

  A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.

• Thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1)

  A multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation.

• Pregnancy loss, recurrent, 2 (RPRGL2)

  A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.